Ernest and Gertrude Hartley were married in 1912 in Kensington, London. Gertrude's parents, who lived in India, were Michael John Yackjee (born 1840), an Anglo-Indian man of independent means, and Mary Teresa Robinson (born 1856), who was born to an Irish family killed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and grew up in an orphanage, where she met Yackjee they married in 1872 and had five children, of whom Gertrude was the youngest. Her father was born in Scotland in 1882, while her mother, a devout Roman Catholic, was born in Darjeeling in 1888 and might have been of Irish and Armenian ancestry. She was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, a British broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances (née Yackjee she also used her mother's maiden name of Robinson). Paul's School in Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency. Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley on 5 November 1913 in British India on the campus of St. Life and career 1913–1934: Early life and acting debut
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Later in life, she performed as a character actress in a few films.Īt the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband, Laurence Olivier, who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960. During her 30-year career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet and Lady Macbeth. Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress.
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Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema.Īfter completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England (1937). She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).
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She won the Academy Award for Best Actress twice, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. Vivien Leigh ( / l iː/ 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967 born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was a British actress.